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Use this unchanged English DASS-21 only within a qualified professional workflow or a defined research cohort. The scores are dimensional and must not be treated as diagnosis or safety clearance.

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Use the same past-week frame for every item. Choose the response that fits best without overthinking it.

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Answer review
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Assessment Score the GAD-7 for the last two weeks and compare anxiety symptom severity with the separate impact on work, home tasks, and relationships.
Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) Assessment Screen past-week depression-related responses in older adults with GDS-15, strict follow-up thresholds, and separate safety cues.
Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) Assessment Measure distress frequency over the past four weeks with K10, compare two published band guides, and review the complete response pattern.
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D-20) Check past-week depressive symptom frequency with the 20-item CES-D and review reverse scoring, the 16-point line, and optional answer review.
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Low mood, physical alarm, and persistent tension often overlap during a difficult week, but they do not describe the same experience. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales separate those patterns so a qualified reviewer can see which kind of negative emotion is most prominent instead of reducing everything to one label.

Depression covers low positive emotion, loss of interest, hopelessness, and reduced drive. Anxiety emphasizes fear, autonomic arousal, and panic-like sensations. Stress reflects difficulty relaxing, irritability, impatience, and sustained tension. A person can score very differently across the three domains even when the overall week felt broadly distressing.

Domain Main focus A useful question
Depression Low mood, motivation, interest, and hope Has enjoyment or purpose felt harder to reach?
Anxiety Fear, bodily arousal, and panic-like reactions How often has the body or mind signaled danger?
Stress Tension, agitation, irritability, and difficulty unwinding How hard has it been to settle or tolerate demands?

DASS-21 is the 21-item short form. It asks how much each statement applied during the past week, with seven items contributing to each domain. The short-form sums are doubled so they can be read against the conventional DASS severity ranges.

These ranges describe symptom intensity within the instrument; they do not diagnose depression, an anxiety disorder, or another condition. Sleep loss, illness, medication effects, acute events, and the setting in which the form is completed can all shape a response pattern. The DASS also does not directly assess suicidal thoughts, so a low score cannot provide safety clearance.

The unchanged English form is intended here for a qualified professional workflow or a defined research cohort. Any response suggesting that life felt meaningless deserves direct follow-up outside the score itself, with urgent local help when there may be immediate danger.

How to Use This Tool:

Keep the original past-week frame throughout and complete the form only within the qualified or defined research context shown before it starts.

  1. Read each statement as a report about the past week, not about your usual personality or a single moment.
  2. Choose the 0 to 3 response that best matches how much the statement applied. Answer all 21 items; incomplete responses do not produce scores.
  3. Finish the assessment and read the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scores separately. The result shows each doubled score and its conventional severity range.
  4. Follow any Safety and support notice before interpreting the score bands. Use Answer review when a qualified reviewer needs to check which responses produced each domain.

Interpreting Results:

The three domain labels are independent. A Moderate Anxiety result does not make Depression or Stress Moderate, and the derived total distress sum has no severity band of its own. Start with the highest domain, then review the item pattern and the circumstances of the past week.

  • A higher score means more frequent or intense symptoms in that domain during the stated week.
  • A boundary value belongs to the range that contains it. For example, Depression 13 is Mild and Depression 14 is Moderate.
  • Scores above a conventional cutoff support closer qualified review; they do not establish a diagnosis or identify a cause.
  • A low domain score does not override severe impairment, a concerning individual response, or any immediate safety concern.

Technical Details:

Each item has a raw response from 0 to 3. For DASS-21, every raw contribution is doubled before the seven items in a domain are summed, giving each domain an integer range from 0 to 42. All 21 responses are required.

Formula Core:

For domain d, the doubled short-form score is twice the sum of its seven raw responses.

Sd = 2 ∑i∈Id ri where ri ∈ {0,1,2,3}
Domain Item numbers Range
Depression3, 5, 10, 13, 16, 17, 210 to 42
Anxiety2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, 200 to 42
Stress1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 180 to 42

A raw domain sum of 8 therefore becomes 16 after doubling. The derived total distress value is the sum of the three doubled domain scores and ranges from 0 to 126, but it is not a fourth DASS scale and receives no severity label.

T=SD+SA+SS

Rule Core:

Every upper boundary is inclusive. The next range begins one integer point higher.

Domain Normal Mild Moderate Severe Extremely Severe
Depression0 to 910 to 1314 to 2021 to 2728 to 42
Anxiety0 to 78 to 910 to 1415 to 1920 to 42
Stress0 to 1415 to 1819 to 2526 to 3334 to 42

Limitations and Privacy Notes:

DASS-21 captures self-reported symptoms over one week. It does not establish a disorder, explain why symptoms occurred, select treatment, or replace a direct suicide-risk assessment. Language proficiency, current circumstances, response style, and the administration setting can affect the pattern.

  • The response about life feeling meaningless triggers a separate support cue when its raw value is 2 or 3; the domain total never suppresses that cue.
  • Answers and progress update this page's URL as you work. Anyone with the URL can read and edit the responses; the URL is not encrypted or access-controlled. Opening or reloading it sends the URL to this website and may leave it in browser history or server logs.
  • Starting over clears this attempt and removes its response state from the current URL; it does not erase previously copied links, browser history or server logs.
  • Encoding is not encryption or access control, so share it only with an intended reviewer.

References: