Check the five EQ-5D-5L dimensions for how your health feels today, then add one EQ VAS self-rating.

  • Answer for today, not for your usual week or month.
  • The finished report keeps your EQ VAS separate from the published utility references.
  • Your answers stay in this browser and can sync to the URL for repeatable links.
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Health state report
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Domain burden map
Utility vs VAS alignment map
How this report is framed
  • EQ VAS stays separate as your own 0 to 100 self-rating for today.
  • Utilities are published population-preference references for the same five-digit state.
  • US 2019 stays the active reference, with England 2018 shown as a comparison row.
Interpretation

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Value set reference rows
Value set Utility Gap vs VAS Use when Copy
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Answer review
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Tags: Psychometrics
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Health-related quality of life is often easier to discuss when it is described in concrete daily terms instead of one broad health score. EQ-5D-5L does that by asking about five areas of current health: moving around, washing and dressing, usual roles, pain or discomfort, and anxiety or low mood. Each area is rated for today, so the result is a snapshot rather than a lifetime label.

The "5L" part means each dimension has five ordered levels. Level 1 means no problems. Levels 2, 3, 4, and 5 move through slight, moderate, severe, and extreme problems, with self-care and usual-activity wording using "unable" at the most severe end. The five selected levels are written in order as a five-digit health state. A state of 11111 means no reported problems in all five dimensions, while 22324 shows a different level in each area.

EQ-5D-5L combines five current-health dimensions into a five-digit health state, while value-set utility and EQ VAS summarize different perspectives.

The five-digit health state and the EQ VAS answer different questions. The health state says where problems were reported. A value set converts that state into a preference-weighted utility, usually for outcomes reporting or health-economic analysis. The EQ VAS is the person's own 0 to 100 rating of overall health today, with 0 as the worst imaginable health and 100 as the best imaginable health.

A common mistake is to treat utility and EQ VAS as two versions of the same score. They can disagree for valid reasons. A person may report no problems across the five dimensions but still rate the day below 100 because fatigue, medication effects, uncertainty, or a condition outside the five dimensions affects overall health. Another person may report several level-2 or level-3 problems but still give a higher EQ VAS than a value set would imply.

EQ-5D-5L is useful for structured follow-up, trial outcomes, rehabilitation notes, and cost-utility analysis, but formal use may require EuroQol registration or licensing and the value set required by a study protocol or local decision body. The profile can support a conversation about health status; it does not diagnose the cause of a problem or decide treatment.

How to Use This Tool:

Answer for today, complete every dimension, then add one EQ VAS value for the same day before reading the report.

  1. Select Start EQ-5D-5L. The first question appears with a progress bar and a numbered navigator for the five dimensions.
  2. Choose one statement for each dimension: Mobility, Self-care, Usual activities, Pain / discomfort, and Anxiety / depression. The navigator check mark shows which questions already have an answer.
  3. If the EQ VAS step does not appear, return to the numbered list and complete any dimension without a check mark. The report needs all five levels.
  4. Set EQ VAS self-rating from 0 to 100. Use a whole number for today's overall health, not an average over the last week or month.
  5. Select Continue to report. The summary shows the five-digit health state, EQ VAS, US 2019 utility, burden label, and alignment badge.
  6. Review Domain burden map and Answer review to see which dimension contributes the largest active-set decrement.
  7. Use Value set reference rows and Utility vs VAS alignment map to compare US 2019 utility, England 2018 utility, and EQ VAS on the same result.

For repeat check-ins, keep the timing and context similar. A result taken after medication, after a flare, or late in the day may not be comparable with a morning baseline.

Interpreting Results:

Start with the Health state report. The five-digit state is the most direct record of the answers, because each digit points back to one dimension. The Overall level label summarizes the highest selected level and how many dimensions are above level 1, while Top burden and Priority domain identify the largest US 2019 decrement.

US 2019 is the active utility reference in this report. England 2018 is shown as a comparison row, not as a recommendation for every England, UK, or international reporting context. If you need a formal study or reimbursement result, check the required value set before using the utility value.

The alignment badge compares EQ VAS with active utility multiplied by 100. A gap smaller than 5 points is labeled close. A positive gap means the person rated overall health higher than the active utility reference would suggest for the five-dimensional state. A negative gap means the EQ VAS is lower than the active utility reference.

Do not overread a single run. Confirm the selected statements in Answer review, then compare future runs by health state, EQ VAS, active utility, and the same timing context. A one-level change in any dimension is often more informative than a tiny utility movement caused by rounding.

Technical Details:

The EQ-5D-5L descriptive system has 55, or 3,125, possible health states. Digits are ordered as mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Level 1 is the no-problem baseline, and levels 2 through 5 are ordered severity labels rather than interval measurements. The distance from level 2 to level 3 is not assumed to equal the distance from level 4 to level 5.

Utility values are built from decrement tables. A value set assigns a decrement to each non-baseline level in each dimension, then subtracts those decrements from 1.000. The resulting utility can be negative for severe states because preference studies may place some health states below 0 on the utility scale. That is a property of the value set, not an input error.

Formula Core

The active utility uses the US 2019 decrement table; the England 2018 row applies the same structure with England-specific decrements.

utility = 1 - ∑ i=1 5 di alignment gap = EQ VAS - (active utility×100)

In the first equation, di is the decrement for the selected level in dimension i. A level-1 answer contributes 0. Utilities are rounded to three decimals, and the alignment gap is reported in points to one decimal place.

Position Dimension Level 1 Levels 2 to 5
1 Mobility No problems moving around Slight to unable or major-help difficulty moving around
2 Self-care No problems washing or dressing Slight to unable or major-help difficulty washing or dressing
3 Usual activities No problems with usual activities Slight to unable or major-help difficulty with usual activities
4 Pain / discomfort No pain or discomfort problem Slight to extreme pain or discomfort
5 Anxiety / depression No anxiety or low-mood problem Slight to extreme anxiety or low mood

Report Rules

Output Rule used in the report How to read it
Overall level No reported burden at all level 1; otherwise follows the highest selected level. Describes the profile severity at a glance, but the five digits remain the detailed record.
Balance label Mobility, self-care, and usual activities form function burden; pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression form symptom burden. Function-led, symptom-led, mixed burden, or balanced baseline helps scan where problems sit.
Priority domain Ranks non-baseline dimensions by the active US 2019 decrement, then by level and dimension order. Shows which answered dimension carries the largest active-set utility loss.
Alignment badge Absolute gap < 5 points is close; otherwise the badge shows VAS above or below active utility x 100. Flags disagreement between self-rated health and population-preference utility.

For state 22324, the US 2019 decrement sum is 0.645, so the active utility is 1 - 0.645 = 0.355. With EQ VAS 65, the alignment gap is 65 - (0.355 x 100) = +29.5 points. The England 2018 comparison utility for the same state is 0.481, because that value set assigns different decrements to the same five selected levels.

The supported value sets come from published valuation studies, but value-set policy is jurisdiction-specific. England 2018 is useful for comparison inside this report, while organizations such as NICE have issued separate guidance about when EQ-5D-5L values should be used in formal technology appraisal work.

Accuracy and Privacy Notes:

This is an informational health-status report. It can organize EQ-5D-5L answers, utility references, and follow-up notes, but it is not a clinical diagnosis, treatment recommendation, or substitute for the official instrument rules required by a study sponsor or health authority.

  • The report uses US 2019 as the active value set and England 2018 as a comparison row.
  • Formal projects may require a different country value set, crosswalk method, licensing step, or reporting protocol.
  • Negative utilities are possible for very severe health states and should not be treated as calculation failure.
  • Scoring does not need a server lookup, but a copied result link can include the five answers and EQ VAS in the URL.
  • CSV files, chart images, DOCX exports, copied rows, and shared links can expose personal health information.

Worked Examples:

Level-1 baseline

A person selects level 1 for all five dimensions, producing health state 11111. The US 2019 utility and England 2018 utility are both 1.000. If EQ VAS is 98, the alignment badge is close because the self-rating is only 2 points below active utility x 100.

Mild symptoms with a close self-rating

State 11223 means no problems in mobility and self-care, slight problems in usual activities and pain/discomfort, and moderate anxiety/depression. The report shows US 2019 utility 0.749 and England 2018 utility 0.783. With EQ VAS 76, the active alignment gap is about +1.1 points, so the VAS is close to utility.

Self-rating above utility

State 22324 gives US 2019 utility 0.355 and England 2018 utility 0.481. With EQ VAS 65, the active gap is +29.5 points. The Priority domain is anxiety/depression because it carries the largest US 2019 decrement in that answer pattern.

Very severe profile

State 55555 produces negative utilities under both supported value sets: -0.573 for US 2019 and -0.285 for England 2018. If the person still gives EQ VAS 30, the result is a very severe descriptive state with a separate positive self-rating, not a broken report.

FAQ:

Why did the report not appear?

The report appears only after all five dimension questions have valid answers and the EQ VAS self-rating has been saved. Check the navigator for a missing answer, then set the 0 to 100 slider and continue.

Does EQ VAS need to match utility?

No. EQ VAS is the person's own overall health rating today. Utility is a preference-weighted score for the five-dimensional health state. The alignment badge helps show when those two views are close or far apart.

Can a utility value be negative?

Yes. Some severe EQ-5D-5L states have negative values under published value sets. A negative utility means the tariff places that state below 0 on the utility scale; it does not mean the answers are invalid.

Is England 2018 the required value set for England?

Not necessarily. The England 2018 row is included for comparison, and formal work should follow the required study, payer, or health-technology-assessment guidance before relying on any value set.

Can I compare two results taken on different days?

Yes, but compare the five-digit state, EQ VAS, and US 2019 utility together. Also note timing and context, because medication, fatigue, symptoms, and activity level can change the daily profile.

Does this diagnose a health condition?

No. The result describes current health status across five dimensions and compares utility references. Diagnosis, care planning, and treatment decisions require clinical context and professional judgment.

Glossary:

EQ-5D-5L
A five-dimension, five-level descriptive system for current health-related quality of life.
Health state
The five-digit code made from the selected levels in the standard EQ-5D order.
EQ VAS
The person's own 0 to 100 rating of overall health today.
Value set
A published set of preference weights used to convert a health state into utility.
Utility
A preference-weighted score calculated from the five selected levels and a value set.
Decrement
The amount subtracted from 1.000 for a selected non-baseline level in a dimension.

References: