Garden Bed Layout

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Plants {{ totalPlants }} Rows {{ rowCount }} Area {{ plantableAreaDisplay }} Soil {{ soilVolumeDisplay }} Spacing {{ spacingDisplay }} Sun {{ sunHoursDisplay }} Orientation {{ orientationLabel }} Yield {{ yieldDisplay }} Harvest {{ firstHarvestDisplay }}
hours/day:
days:
weeks:
weeks:
Metric Value Copy
{{ metric.label }} {{ metric.value }}
Row Plants Spacing Notes Copy
{{ row.label }} {{ row.plants }} {{ row.spacing }} {{ row.note }}
Step Date Notes Copy
{{ event.label }} {{ event.dateLabel }} {{ event.detail }}
{{ row.title }} {{ plant.title }} {{ layoutState.arrow.label.text }}
Productive row Pollinator strip Offset rows are dashed Orientation {{ layoutState.orientationLabel }}

Plants render to scale within the plantable area; dashed shading marks offset lanes for better airflow.


                

No layout yet. Adjust bed size and choose a crop to preview spacing.

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Introduction:

A raised-bed plan is mostly geometry with a few biological constraints layered on top. Bed width limits reach, spacing controls airflow and crowding, and sunlight changes how ambitious a crop choice should be. This planner turns those practical questions into a row layout you can inspect before you buy soil, set transplants, or sow seed.

The package works from a rectangular bed, a crop preset or custom crop profile, spacing values, and sun hours. From there it calculates how many rows fit, how many plants fit in each row, how much soil and mulch the bed needs, and what the season timeline looks like once you add a planting date. The result is not just a single total. You get a scaled Garden Layout, a detailed Garden Summary, a lane-by-lane Row Plan, a Season Timeline, a simple Succession Overview chart, and a reusable JSON export.

That is especially helpful when you are comparing bed setups that look similar on paper but behave differently in practice. A 12 by 4 foot bed can become one roomy tomato lane, several rows of lettuce, or no productive row at all if you reserve the last lane for pollinators. The package makes those tradeoffs visible before they become expensive or awkward to fix.

It also shows where the plan stops being precise. Auto orientation is a simple sun-hours heuristic, not a sun-path model. Yield is a plant count multiplied by a per-plant estimate, not a weather, pest, or irrigation forecast. Companion notes are reproducible text suggestions, not agronomic guarantees.

Treat the result as a planning draft rather than a promise. Cultivar vigor, pruning style, soil quality, heat, wind, disease pressure, and frost timing can all move harvest dates and reduce or raise the harvest beyond what a spacing model can predict.

Everyday Use & Decision Guide:

Start with the inside planting dimensions of the bed rather than the outside lumber size. Then choose a preset that roughly matches the crop you actually intend to grow. Presets are useful because they immediately load spacing, sunlight range, maturity time, and yield assumptions into one scenario instead of forcing you to invent all of them from scratch.

  • If your packet or cultivar guide differs from the preset, switch to Custom before you trust the result. That unlocks the fields for In-row spacing, Row spacing, Days to maturity, Harvest window, Succession gap, and Yield per plant.
  • Watch Total rows, Plants per row, and Total plants first. Those are the geometry outputs everything else depends on, including yield and row-level notes.
  • On narrow beds, be careful with Pollinator strip. Because the package reserves the last row for flowers and herbs, a one-row layout can drop from a real crop plan to zero productive rows immediately.
  • Add a Planting date only after you know whether Use transplants should stay on. The timeline counts from the entered planting date and changes its first step depending on transplant versus direct-sow planning.

A convincing-looking diagram does not make the plan agronomically safe. If Sunlight logged sits outside the recommended range, or if the row count only works under very tight spacing, use the layout as a warning to rethink the crop or the site before you buy materials.

Technical Details:

The package models one rectangular bed with uniform lanes. It converts bed dimensions to feet, spacing to inches, yield to pounds, and then solves the layout with floor-based geometry. That means each result is intentionally conservative: partial rows and partial plant slots are not counted.

Two measurements drive the layout core. First comes usable planting width after subtracting the edge buffer from both sides. Then the package divides that width by the chosen lane spacing to determine how many rows fit. A second floor calculation divides bed length by in-row spacing to determine how many plants fit in each row. Double rows double the effective row count, while Staggered keeps the row count but marks alternate rows as offset.

Preset crops add interpretation layers on top of the geometry. Each preset carries recommended sun hours, a density note, a list of companion suggestions, a pollinator mix, days to maturity, indoor-start lead time, harvest-window length, succession gap, and a per-plant yield estimate. If you keep the preset, those values overwrite matching inputs. If you switch to Custom, the editable numbers become the governing assumptions instead.

Formula Core:

The main layout quantities are derived from a small set of bed and crop measurements. Soil and mulch are then calculated from depth against either the full bed footprint or the plantable area, depending on the material.

U = W-2B R = 12USr N = 12LSp Re = { R single or staggered 2R double rows } T = RpN Y = Typp Vsoil = LWD12 Vmulch = LUM12
Garden planning symbols
Symbol Meaning Source
L Bed length Bed length
W Bed width Bed width
B Edge buffer on each side Edge buffer
U Usable planting width Computed
Sr Between-row spacing Row spacing
Sp In-row spacing In-row spacing
Rp Productive rows after any pollinator reservation Computed
T Total productive plants Computed
ypp Yield per plant Preset or Yield per plant
D Bed depth Bed depth
M Mulch depth Mulch depth

Rule Core for Layout and Timeline:

The package adds a few explicit rules after the geometry. If Orientation is set to Auto, the label becomes North–South when logged sun is >= 6 hours and East–West when it is lower. If Pollinator strip is enabled, the last row is converted to a zero-plant strip with a pollinator note. If Offset planting is enabled, every second non-pollinator row is marked as a 50% offset and drawn with dashed styling in the diagram.

The timeline is date arithmetic rather than climate modeling. With a Planting date, the package can add Start seeds indoors when transplants are enabled and the preset carries an indoor lead time, then Prep bed & amendments, planting day, Target first harvest, Likely final harvest, and an optional Next succession planting. Direct-sow and transplant paths use different wording, but both anchor harvest timing to the entered planting date plus the chosen days-to-maturity value.

Outputs, Materials, and Limits:

Primary garden planner outputs
Output What it represents
Garden Layout Scaled SVG bed sketch with row shading, plant markers, and orientation arrow
Garden Summary Metrics such as row count, area, soil, mulch, spacing, sunlight, dates, and estimated yield
Row Plan One row per lane with plant count, spacing text, and notes like companion choice or pollinator strip
Season Timeline Date-based milestones generated only when a planting date is present
Succession Overview Bar chart of plants per row, including 0 for any reserved pollinator strip
JSON Structured dump of inputs, derived values, timeline events, row plan, and any errors

Material estimates are intentionally simple. Soil fill needed uses the full bed footprint, not just the plantable strip, because bed volume does not disappear when buffers are reserved. Mulch coverage uses the plantable area only. Bag counts round up to whole bags at 1.5 cubic feet for soil and 2 cubic feet for mulch.

All processing happens locally in the browser with no server-side calculation. The reproducible exception is the companion-note shuffle: it is intentionally deterministic, so the same Layout seed with the same inputs reproduces the same row notes.

Step-by-Step Guide:

Build the geometry first, then layer in crop behavior, timing, and materials.

  1. Enter Bed length and Bed width using the units you actually measured. If either number is not positive, no layout is created.
  2. Choose a Plant preset. If the preset is close enough, let it populate spacing and crop timing. If your cultivar differs, switch to Custom so the crop-specific numeric fields stop being read-only.
  3. Set Layout style, Orientation, Sun hours, In-row spacing, and Row spacing. Then check Total rows, Plants per row, and the Garden Layout preview before you move on.
  4. Open Advanced for Edge buffer, Pollinator strip, Offset planting, Use transplants, Bed depth, Mulch depth, and Layout seed. If you hit errors such as Edge buffer leaves no room to plant or No rows fit within the chosen spacing, fix those geometry limits before reading any other output.
  5. Add a Planting date when you want the Season Timeline. Leave Use transplants on for an indoor-start milestone, or turn it off if you are planning a direct-sow schedule.
  6. Review Garden Summary, Row Plan, Season Timeline, Succession Overview, and JSON together. When the row count, spacing, and material volumes all look believable, save the plan.

A good handoff point is when the diagram, metric table, and row list all agree on the same number of productive rows and the same spacing assumptions.

Interpreting Results:

Trust the geometry outputs before you trust the yield or the dates. If the row count or plant count is wrong, every later estimate inherits that mistake.

  • If Orientation is set to Auto, the package uses a simple threshold: sun hours >= 6 produces North–South, while values below that produce East–West. Read that as a heuristic prompt, not a detailed site recommendation.
  • If Pollinator strip is enabled, productive rows drop by 1 because the last lane is reserved. On a one-row bed, that means Total plants becomes 0 and Estimated yield stops being meaningful.
  • A high Estimated yield does not mean the bed will actually produce that much. The package multiplies Total plants by Yield per plant, so shade, disease, heat, and pest pressure still need a real-world sanity check.

Worked Examples:

A conservative tomato bed:

Use a 12 ft by 4 ft bed, a 0.5 ft Edge buffer, the tomato preset, single rows, 8 sun hours, and a planting date of 2025-05-15. The package returns Total rows of 1, Plants per row of 8, and Total plants of 8. Plantable area is 36 sq ft, Soil fill needed is 40 cu ft, Estimated yield is 76 lb total, and First harvest target lands on Aug 1, 2025. This is the kind of roomy tomato layout that trades maximum count for airflow and access.

A pollinator strip that consumes the crop plan:

Keep the same 12 ft by 4 ft tomato bed, but enable Pollinator strip. Because only one lane fits in the base geometry, the last row becomes the reserved pollinator row. Total rows becomes 1 with 0 productive and 1 pollinator row, Total plants drops to 0, and Estimated yield reads Needs productive rows to estimate. This is a good reminder that companion habitat still costs growing space.

Troubleshooting an impossible buffer:

Enter a 4 ft wide bed and set Edge buffer to 2 ft on each side. The package reports Edge buffer leaves no room to plant; reduce the buffer or widen the bed. No result tabs are trustworthy after that because usable planting width is 0. Fix the bed geometry first, then rerun the crop plan.

FAQ:

Why did Auto choose East-West for my bed?

Because the package uses a direct threshold when Orientation is set to Auto. If logged sun is below 6 hours, the orientation label switches to East–West; otherwise it becomes North–South.

Why are soil and mulch numbers different?

Soil fill needed uses the full bed footprint and Bed depth. Mulch coverage uses only the plantable area after buffers, so it is usually smaller.

Why did the planner say no rows fit?

That message appears when usable width after buffers is too small for the chosen Row spacing. Reduce the buffer, widen the bed, or choose a tighter but still realistic spacing.

Can I repeat the same companion-row notes later?

Yes. Keep the same Layout seed and the same other inputs. The package uses a deterministic seeded generator for those notes, so the same setup produces the same companion assignment.

Does the timeline know my frost date or local weather?

No. The timeline is built from your Planting date, transplant toggle, and the preset or custom maturity and harvest values. It does not fetch location data, frost data, or soil temperatures.

Glossary:

Direct sow
Placing seed in the bed instead of starting it indoors first.
Transplant
A seedling moved into the bed after indoor starting.
Pollinator strip
The last reserved row used for flowers or herbs instead of crop plants.
Succession planting
A later replanting meant to extend the harvest window.

References: